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These commands produce roman function names in math mode with proper spacing.
\arccos
Inverse cosine
\arcsin
Inverse sine
\arctan
Inverse tangent
\arg
Angle between the real axis and a point in the complex plane
\bmod
Binary modulo operator, used as in \( 5\bmod 3=2 \)
\cos
Cosine
\cosh
Hyperbolic cosine
\cot
Cotangent
\coth
Hyperbolic cotangent
\csc
Cosecant
\deg
Degrees
\det
Determinant
\dim
Dimension
\exp
Exponential
\gcd
Greatest common divisor
\hom
Homomorphism
\inf
Infinum
\ker
Kernel
\lg
Base 2 logarithm
\lim
Limit
\liminf
Limit inferior
\limsup
Limit superior
\ln
Natural logarithm
\log
Logarithm
\max
Maximum
\min
Minimum
\pmod
Parenthesized modulus, as used in \( 5\equiv 2\pmod 3 \)
\Pr
Probability
\sec
Secant
\sin
Sine
\sinh
Hyperbolic sine
\sup
sup
\tan
Tangent
\tanh
Hyperbolic tangent
The amsmath package adds improvements on some of these, and also
allows you to define your own. The full documentation is on CTAN, but
briefly, you can define an identity operator with
\DeclareMathOperator{\identity}{id} that is like the ones
above but prints as ‘id’. The starred form
\DeclareMathOperator*{\op}{op} sets any limits above and
below, as is traditional with \lim, \sup, or \max.