This is an unofficial reference manual for
LaTeX. See below for the Table of Contents.
If you're looking for a tutorial, please visit learnlatex.org or
see this long list.
This manual is available in several ways: with separate web pages for each section; as a single web page as a pdf; and in other formats.
Translations to French and Spanish are available at https://ctan.org/pkg/latex2e-help-texinfo; they're maintained separately.
This document is not official. It has not been reviewed by the LaTeX maintainers. Our ultimate goal is to cover all (non-private) LaTeX commands. Your comments and contributions, including bug reports, are welcome. See our project page for more, including license information and information on how you can contribute to this manual as well as mirror it.
This document is an unofficial reference manual (version of June 2026) for LaTeX2e, a document preparation system.
fontenc package
\DeclareFontEncoding\DeclareTextAccent\DeclareTextAccentDefault\DeclareTextCommand & \ProvideTextCommand\DeclareTextCommandDefault & \ProvideTextCommandDefault \DeclareTextComposite\DeclareTextCompositeCommand\DeclareTextSymbol\DeclareTextSymbolDefault\LastDeclaredEncoding\UseTextSymbol & \UseTextAccentabstractarraycenter
descriptiondisplaymathdocument
enumerateeqnarrayequationfigurefilecontentsflushleft
flushright
itemizeletter environment: writing letterslist
mathminipage
picture
quotation & quotetabbing
tabletabular
thebibliography
theoremtitlepageverbatim
verse\newcommand & \renewcommand
\providecommand\makeatletter & \makeatother\@ifstar\newcounter: Allocating a counter\newlength\newsavebox\newenvironment & \renewenvironment\newtheorem\newfont\protect\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterendxspace package\AtBeginDvi & \AtEndDvi\AtEndOfClass & \AtEndOfPackage\CheckCommand\ClassError and \PackageError and other messages\CurrentOption\DeclareOption\DeclareRobustCommand\ExecuteOptions\IfFileExists & \InputIfFileExists\LoadClass & \LoadClassWithOptions\NeedsTeXFormat\OptionNotUsed\PassOptionsToClass & \PassOptionsToPackage\ProcessOptions\ProvidesClass & \ProvidesPackage\ProvidesFile\RequirePackage & \RequirePackageWithOptions\enspace & \quad & \qquad\hspace\hfill\hss\ ’~, \nobreakspace\spacefactor: Extra space after punctuation
\thinspace & \negthinspace\/: Italic correction\hrulefill & \dotfill\bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip\bigbreak & \medbreak & \smallbreak\strut\vspace\vfill\addvspace